Grenz Review Free Essays

TY 170 February 23, 2009 Grenz Review over the long haul, various topics are introduced all through society. These topics will in general make endeavors at negating its forerunner. In Stanley J. We will compose a custom exposition test on Grenz Review or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Grenz’ book, A Primer on Postmodernism, he talks about the two latest thoughts bolstered by general society; innovation and postmodernism. The resistance is obvious between the times of innovation and postmodernity. As portrayed by Grenz, innovation centers around the individual, utilizing thinking as a wellspring of reality. This conviction makes truth be relative. Postmodernity’s point of convergence is the gathering, as opposed to the person. Truth, in the postmodern view, is made by instinct and feeling, making it be developed. Grenz likewise talks about both the issues postmodernity present on Christianity and the likenesses among postmodernism and Christianity. Grenz’ picture of postmodernism is precise for what society is confronting today. So as to comprehend the contrasts among innovation and postmodernism as Grenz has characterized them, first comprehension of how every wa made is required. Advancement is based around meta-accounts; stories that interface everybody together. The most significant meta-account of advancement is the generally accepted fact of science. One of the most significant builds of advancement is independence, whereupon every cutting edge scholar based their work. â€Å"Most students of history propose that the advanced time was conceived when the Enlightenment carried new plan to war-attacked Europe† (57). The Enlightenment had four standards; â€Å"Reason, nature, self-governance, and harmony† (68). These standards made the establishment for present day masterminds. Numerous cutting edge masterminds all through the time, paying little heed to their control, â€Å"Turned to the thinking subject as opposed to divine disclosure as the beginning stage for information and reflection† (65). Through these establishments set for innovation, the advanced rationalists went to science in help for their speculations. â€Å"Thinkers, for example, Descartes, Newton, and Kant gave the scholarly establishment to the advanced era† (80). Rene Descartes was one of the principal present day masterminds of his time, â€Å"often being alluded to as the dad of current philosophy† (63). At the point when Descartes irst set out on his excursion for information, he set out with question, looking for unadulterated truth that uncertainty couldn't deny (64). In the same way as other different scholars of that period, he â€Å"Attempted to present the thoroughness of numerical exhibit into all fields of knowledge,† in light of the fact that he acc epted that the realities of arithmetic were more concrete than information dependent on perception (64). Descartes inevitably arrived at the goal of his looking; the one thing that couldn't be questioned was one’s own reality. His better approach for intuition prompted an alternate standpoint of the human individual. His work characterized â€Å"The individual as intuition substance and the human individual as a self-governing normal subject† (64). This new definition upheld Augustine’s theory; â€Å"Cogito hence total †‘I think, subsequently I am,† (64). In spite of the fact that Descartes’ work didn't find subjectivity, â€Å"the boss significance of his commitment lies in his accentuation on close to home understanding and individual information, on information emerging from the individual’s interesting purpose of view† (64). His job in the Enlightenment cleared the way for his cutting edge thinking replacements. Following Descartes’ work, Newton started making his own engraving on the world, underscoring the significance of science. His work concentrated on attempting to clarify the activities of his universe that he saw as a â€Å"Grand, organized machine,† (67). Newton’s thought of the world as a machine gave the system to advancement. Newton accepted that by survey the world as a machine, he would have the option to know its developments since it would keep a lot of unmistakable laws (67). His plan drove present day masterminds to have an unthinking comprehension of the world, instead of a characteristic view (50). In spite of the fact that Newton took a gander at the logical clarifications of the world, his purpose was to clarify the presence of God. Like Descartes, Newton utilized the intensity of motivation to improve the significance of philosophy. â€Å"The current world ended up being Newton’s robotic universe populated by Descartes’ self-governing, objective substance† (67). Through Newton’s work, different logicians had the establishment expected to establish their own connections with the universe of innovation. In the long run, logicians started scrutinizing the Enlightenment and advancement all in all. Through Immanuel Kant’s work, he fortified the ties among society and advancement, which related himself with the start of the Enlightenment. Kant’s most significant commitment to advancement was his distribution of Critique of Pure Reason (57). His scrutinize reinforced the help of advancement and ended all scrutinizing of it. Kant looked to make a progressively solid stage for transcendentalism through his composition (76). He estimated that the brain is systematical in arranging sensations from the outer world. â€Å"According to Kant, the human individual isn't just an animal fit for sense experience transport likewise a good being† (77). Kant accepted that by living ethically, one lives the manner in which he wishes all individuals would live. He contended that the ethical part of human presence is basically normal (78). This perspective on presence made the domain of functional explanation, which urged other present day thinkers to focus on the individual self. This mindfulness originated from Kant presenting the possibility that oneself is â€Å"not simply the focal point of philosophical consideration however the whole topic of philosophy† (79). Through this thought, Kant guided his focus toward the individual impressive reality. Kant’s work gave future rationalists the ideas expected to comprehend and in the end deconstruct advancement. Johann Gottlieb Fichte worked off of Kant’s revelations. He acknowledged Kant’s work yet in addition â€Å"Was empowered to detonate it from the inside† (87). Fichte would not like to take out Kant’s thoughts, however rather needed â€Å"To uncover the Kantian ‘fiction’ of a target world existing in its own privilege past the self,† (87). Through his work, Kant stressed the thought â€Å"that oneself makes and decides the articles that establish its own outside world† (87). Thus, the domain that Kant professes to know through ‘pure’ reason, Fichte cases to create through the activity of ‘practical’ reason† (87). His work has made an opportunity that â€Å"is significant on the grounds that it holds the capability of freeing us from a solitary method of comprehension the world,† (88). Fichte figured out how to break up Kant’s thought of a flat out reality through â€Å"eliminating the noumenal realm† (88). Despite the fact that he neutralized Kant from multiple points of view, Fichte figured out how to maintain Kant’s idea of without a doubt oneself (87). Fichte, alongside other thinkers’, convictions prompted what is presently viewed as the postmodernism time by scrutinizing the setting of advancement and its constructors. Postmodernism is the simple dismissal of the thoughts that innovation and the Enlightenment support. The principle hypothesis that postmodernism rejects is the develop of independence. In its revilement of innovation, it likewise dismisses the advanced topic of meta-stories, with the exception of its own. The postmodern world doesn't accept that all information is acceptable, nor that information is objective. They see life on earth as delicate and accept that the proceeded with presence of mankind is reliant on another mentality of collaboration as opposed to conquest† (7). Postmodern convictions have an increasingly cynical view on the world, instead of the advanced thought. Postmoderns accept that the world is â€Å"historical, social, and personal† (7). The principle postmodern view is that everything is unique in relation to everything (7). â€Å"Many voices have joined the postmodern chorale. In any case, of these, three loom as both focal and paradigmatic †Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Richard Rorty. They establish a trio of postmodern prophets† (123). Michel Foucault was industrious in the dismissal of the cutting edge perspective. He contended that â€Å"reason and objective talk are hazardous.. , on the grounds that they necessitate that we crush the assortment of reality into the counterfeit homogeneity that obliges our concepts† (127). His aims were not to introduce the thoughts of a superior society, however to get request. This new society that Foucault introduced was called â€Å"’heterotopia,’† rather than the advanced perspective on â€Å"utopia† (20). Foucault concentrated on the association among information and force with respect to social frameworks, expressing that â€Å"every translation of the truth is a declaration of power† (6). Foucault accepted that this force was â€Å"the intensity of violence† (59). He utilized lineage to increase a superior comprehension of how we showed up to the convictions bolstered by society (135). â€Å"According to Foucault, the act of ancestry advises us that history isn't constrained by predetermination or some regulative component yet is the result of random conflicts† (136). He uncovers himself to be the model postmodern by making the affirmation that â€Å"no regular request lies behind what we create through our utilization of language† (137). Foucault gave another outlet to the recently shaped idea to be deciphered by future scholars. Ensuing to Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida reconsidered a few thoughts of postmodernism. In contrast to Foucault, Derrida had various perspectives on what was in co

The Iranian Revolution And Khomeini Ideas

The Iranian Revolution And Khomeini Ideas The Iranian Revolution, additionally called the Islamic Revolution occurred in 1979. It stamped occasions including the destruction of Irans government by cutting down the US-upheld Shah of Iran, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi. The insurgency set Ayotullah Rohullah Khomeini in charge of Iran. Ayotullah Rohullah Khomeini was the pioneer of the upheaval and changed Iran into in Islamic Republic. Imam Rohullah Al-Musavi Al-Khomeini, to put it plainly, Ayotullah Khomeini, was conceived on September 24, 1902. He had a place with a family that had strictly solid conventions. They dwelled in Khumayn, situated in the west of Tehran. When Ayotullah Khomeni was nineteen years of age he went to consider strict science where his training under eminent figures presented him to strict customs, political activism and learning. He exceeded expectations in a great deal of subjects yet aced morals and reasoning. In spite of the fact that he is broadly known as a progressive head with a noteworthy achievement i n the political field, at first he was well known as an author and an instructor living in Qom. Qom had a status honorable learning community and rose as otherworldly capital in Iran. His territory of concern was reverential and otherworldly issues. Be that as it may, from otherworldliness and enchantment, he never implied social seclusion and political dormancy. Rather he upheld vigorous common articulation on the socio-political edge. His life demonstrates that an Islamic insurgency has its foundations in profound and moral domain. During his initial a long time in Qom, his exercises were interestingly with the setting up Pahlavi state by Shah of Iran, Reza Khan. Reza Khan changed the government in Iran into an authoritarian tyranny. His significant target was to clear out Islam as a social, political and social force. Imam Khomeini not just saw these endeavors of Reza Khan straightforwardly yet additionally got news routinely from urban areas like Tabriz, Mashhad and Isfahan. This profoundly influenced him. In the later years Muhammad Reza, child of Reza Khan turned into the Shah of Iran and proceeded with the exploitive plan in regards to strict foundations. Imam Khomeini contacted the political field without precedent for 1941 when he gave a political open explanation in his book Kashf al-Asrar. In 1962 Imam Khomeini turned into the pioneer of Qom. His point became to retaliate Shah when very few set out to do as such. He reported his help to strict organizations. For instance he loaned his help to understudies who were challenging the consent to open alcohol stores in the city. After that he moved towards issues of greater importance. In October 1962 he joined with the strict pioneers all through the nation and overwhelmingly challenged the law permitting non-Muslim guys and females to take an interest in decisions to nearby gatherings. This brought about structure a partnership of strict researchers that would represent the major rights. In 1963 he went up against the Shah, who was attempting to spread changes in monetary and socio-political life if Iran. These endeavors by Shah were assigned as White Revolution. The White Revolution was a misdirecting program established on six focuses. The genuine point was to control the developing administrative impact against Shah in Iran. Imam Khomeini made open a solid and hard announcement in which he upbraided the Shah and his Western plan. He blamed the Shah for disregarding the constitution, spreading ethically degenerate goals and consistence with USA and Israel. The Shah effectively got the provisos of this insurgency endorsed through a phony choice on January 26, 1963. The measures taken under the banner of White Revolution were generally seen by the Iranian culture as a transcription by United States. The objective was to expand Shahs riches and influence and food of US strength. Imam Khomeini decried the transformation and uncovered the points and goals hidden it. He lectured addresses from Fayziya Madrasa that had sway in the entire country. On March 22, 1963 the Shah sent paratroopers who assaulted Fayziya Madrasa bringing about the passing of various understudies and scavenge of madrasa. It didnt threaten Imam Khomeini much. Rather it touched off a remarkable battle coordinated against the bungles and bad behaviors of the system. The assault was seen as a representative activity indicating the threatening demeanor of the system towards Islam and the heartless articulation towards Islamic establishments. After every one of these activities Imam Khomeini came out more grounded. He continued censuring the Shah and his system. He reviled the Shah for his tyrant nature. He considered him a manikin of United States and censured his developing relationship with Israel. On June 3, 1963 the evening of Ashoura (tenth day of Muharram as per the Muslim schedule) he condemned the Shah by considering him a pathetic hopeless man and cautioned him to change his ways in any case individuals will praise the day he leaves from Iran. He was captured as a result of that discourse on June 5, 1963. This prompted significant fights for three days all through Iran. There was disturb among the general population against the system and a stunning uprising occurred. In Qom, Shiraz, Isfahan, Mashhad, Tehran and numerous different urban areas well prepared armed force of Shah prepared by United States was faced by vulnerable demonstrators. It is assessed that somewhere in the range of 15,000 star Khomeini dissen ters were slaughtered by the Shahs powers in these fights. This uprising went about as a support in the battle against the system. Imam Khomeini turned into a national head. He turned into a yearning to the entire country to remain against the Shah and the outside supporters backing up Shah. He gave a balanced and intelligent Islamic belief system. He presented a political guide guided by strict authority as opposed to by the mainstream parties. The uprising was checked yet the mass open and strict researchers couldn't bear the confinement of Imam Khomeini. Show proceeded with everywhere throughout the nation and a few strict characters went ahead Tehran for his discharge. On April 6, 1964 the administration discharged him, giving an explanation that he has contracted to keep away from any movement of political nature as a condition for his freedom. This was later discredited by him. He carried on his judgment of the Shah and his system with greater essentialness. In October 1964, the Shah demonstrated his accommodation to the US by conceding lawful invulnerability to the US work force. This gave the US staff the option to submit all offenses in the Iranian limits. It was obvious since the Shah was a manikin on account of United States. The Iranian Majlis affirmed this measure. On the following day for example October 27, Imam Khomeini furiously impugned this and considered it a by and large assault on the autonomy and sway of Iran. Imam Khomeini was presently turning into a genuine disturbance for the Shah and his outside supporters. All endeavors to scare Imam Khomeini into quietness demonstrated vain. Henceforth an endeavor to obliterate his fortifying impact was made by sending him to oust. In this way, on November 4, 1964 Imam Khomeini was captured and ousted to Turkey. He remained in Ankara for some time and than moved to Bursa. The Shahs system was pressurized to permit Imam Khomeini to a superior spot than Turkey. The consent was given on October 1965 and Imam Khomeini moved to Najaf, considered by the Shii organization as a sanctum city in Iraq. He took home in Najaf for the following thirteen years. On the opposite side, the Shahs system set itself liberated from the weight they were formerly bearing and felt that the strict foundation of Najaf will eclipse Imam Khomeini. Be that as it may, they weren't right. Not exclusively did Imam Khomeini made himself as a sound nearness in Najaf yet additionally continued keeping up his prevalence and impact in Iran. His open articulations concerning Iranian advancement were pirated and flowed in the nation. He tended to the Muslim world and his messages were conveyed in Mecca a few times. He was visited by noticeable Iranian and Muslim strict figures every now and then during his years in a state of banishment. He was always remembered by the individuals of Iran. His name and his motivation lived in the Iranian individuals. He was a motivation for various strict gatherings and researchers who continued structure the establishments recently laid by Imam Khomeini. Unconscious by numerous remote spectators, an Islamic relationship of huge range and knowledge was shaped. It was comprehended that Imam Khomeini would come up as a pioneer and guide the Islamic Revolution occurring in 1978-1979. Despite the fact that he was truly missing however he lived in the hearts of the Iranian individuals and was a yearning to them. On November 23, 1977 a shocking thing occurred. Hajj Mustafa, Khomeinis senior child, kicked the bucket out of the blue in Najaf. He was killed by SAVAR, a US-organized security police of the Shah. Imam Khomeini confronted this despondency quietly. This disaster incited the Iranian open. Individuals got defiant and this revolutionary transformed into an insurgency. On January 8, 1978 an administration proclamation came marking Imam Khomeini as a specialist working for outside forces. This welcomed an open shock. Fights broke out in Qom which brought about an enormous number of setbacks. These arrangement of fights joined the entire nation in the progressive enthusiasm and proceeded till the late spring of 1978. Imam Khomeini continued empowering the endurance of the individuals and supported them to accomplish their objective for example the end of government working of an Islamic state. The Shahs system made another endeavor to cut down the insurgency by mentioning the Baathist administration of Iraq to oust Imam Khomeini from their nation. The Shah figured this would crush his base of activity and the unrest will lose its administration. Imam Khomeini was perpetually discontent with the administrations that have been administering Iraq. He considered Syria and Algeria as a decent alternative however no Muslim nation invited him to remain and carry on his political movement. In October 1978, Imam Khomeini went to France and took living arrangement at Nauphle-le-Chateau, which is arranged ne

GCSE SOCIOLOGY - Why Are Girls Out-performing Boys In Examinations Coursework

GCSE SOCIOLOGY - Why Are Girls Out-performing Boys In Examinations Coursework GCSE SOCIOLOGY - Why Are Girls Out-performing Boys In Examinations â€" Coursework Example > 1Why are girls outperforming boys in examinationsIntroduction There is an incomprehensible figure which is being presented in describing the gap between boys and girls in terms of improving their GCSE performance. The gap which is showing marginal signs of narrowing, points to the startling figure which reflects boys lagging seven years behind girls. According to the office for national statistics, “statistical information relating to the education of girls shows that the performance and success rates are equal to or above that of boys in Science, Mathematics, and Information Technol; ogy (IT) subjects in compulsory education. A significant gender difference is particularly noted in English where, over the period 1993 to 2001, it is evident that girls are achieving higher success rates than boys. Overall, girls outperform boys in compulsory education. In 2000/01 57% of girls gained five or more A* -C grades at GCSE or grades 1 â€" 3 at SCE standard grade. Compared to 46% of boys ”(Office for national statistics 2002). There have been recognitions of this phenomenon by educators, and even with the remedial measures which have been implemented, boys today (March 2008) have only been able to catch up with the pass level achieved by girls in 1999. Obviously, the question is, why do boys under-perform on the GCSE? Dr. Edna Crabbere offers the following comment on tracing the cause. “During early childhood nurturing boys have always been neglected. This stereotyping 2 has been diminishing little by little over the last 25 years but boys, male teenagers and men are still finding it difficult to adju8st to society as an emotionally independent individual. The lack of this emotional development is certainly affecting the cognitive development of all boys. Freud, Paiget, and Spock have endorsed this concept in their writings. Boys are only doing their best with the little they continue to receive as infants and pre schoolers”(Carbbere 2006). In a recent conver sation which this researcher held with a private tutor, he conveyed the perceptions of one of his male students, who attempted to explain the reason for the persistent gap. The student stated; “girls do better academically than boys because girls have more time; “boys have sports and computer games” If it were as simple as this young student perceives, then we could conceivably correct the problem the immediate. Either by reordering focus or implementing better time management programs or regimes. However, the point here being, that even though one is eminently immersed, no one is actually sure of why. Which is the reason additional research is needed. There are discussions which state that the structure of the GCSR is the reason why girls out perform boys. Of course this hints at an inherent bias, which favors girls. This assessment is not to far retched as Pat Langham, head mistress of Wakefield Girls’ High School and president of the Girls’ Schools association, agreed that the current system with coursework and continuous assessment benefits girls. AimIt is often a topic of considerable thought and debate about which gender has the cerebal 3edge. Both the discussions and the debate continue, yet there does not appear to be a

Eleanor Roosevelt Essay - 2451 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although she won much respect as the first lady Eleanor Roosevelt gained a lot of her international esteem as a civil rights activist long before that. Eleanor’s interest in politics did not begin when her husband began his career in politics. Once he was named to the Democratic ticket, as Vice President Eleanor became interested in politics. While Franklin was becoming governor of New York she was campaigning for him unknowing that she was advancing her political career as well. Once Eleanor became first lady it was already done she had made a name for herself politically. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eleanor’s background in politics goes back to her Uncle Teddy who was once the President of the U.S.†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Now back in New York Eleanor had a new job to do and that was to assist her husband in his duties as governor of New York. Eleanor welcomed feminine groups who were formerly unwelcome in the state now in with open arms. Trying to advance their social programs with Franklin and the legislature. Eleanor helped her husband by taking unannounced inspection trips to state institutions and reporting directly to her husband. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It soon became clear that Franklin was ready to take the next step and run for president, as he was the leading candidate for the Democratic Party. When the dust had settled Franklin had won the election and Eleanor was heading for the White House. Just before her husband’s inauguration Eleanor published the book It’s up to the Women and also accepted an offer to edit a magazine called Babies-Just Babies. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Once she became First Lady Eleanor became better known to Americans. She held press conferences in the White House that were for women only, she said, â€Å" So few women reporters, many of whom are just as capable of handling the big stories as the men, get a chance to be front page writers.†(Weinstein 760) At first male White House correspondents disliked the idea but soon they wanted to go as well. Eleanor never allowed them. Eleanor followedShow MoreRelatedEleanor Roosevelt Essay928 Words   |  4 PagesJr. †¢Ã‚   Susan B. Anthony †¢Ã‚   Eleanor Roosevelt †¢Ã‚   Andrew Jackson Eleanor Roosevelt Born into a select group of families known as New York Society, Eleanor Roosevelt would become known for her compassion for all human kind, regardless of race, religion, sex or economic status. She would dedicate her life to fighting for the rights of women and children, blacks and Jews, Americans and people from other countries, and senior citizens and the common worker. Eleanor would change the way the countryRead More Eleanor Roosevelt Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pages Although Eleanor Roosevelt served as first lady from 1932 to 1945, her influence lasted much longer than expected. Eleanor became her husband’s ears and eyes during her husband’s presidency and aided human rights during her entire life. She did what no other First Lady, or woman had dared to do before; she challenged society’s wrong doings. Many respected her; President Truman had called her â€Å"the First Lady of the World (Freedman, 168).† Eleanor Roosevelt was an amazing first lady who helped herRead MoreEleanor Roosevelt as a Leader845 Words   |  4 Pages One very successful leader, who was also a hero in the popular press, was Eleanor Roosevelt. Eleanor Roosevelt made enduring changes in the role of the First Lady of the United States, and championed change in human rights around the world. The First Lady became a career position, a political platform, a media persona, and a worldwide influence at a time when most women did not pursue careers. Eleanor Roosevelt stood up for women when women did not have any rights. She then stood up for African-AmericanRead MoreEssay Eleanor Roosevelt5218 Words   |  21 PagesELEANOR ROOSEVELT: A LIFE OF LEADERSHIP Introduction The legacy of Eleanor Roosevelt is essentially contested. To many, her role as First Lady, delegate to the UN, Democratic Party member, humanitarian and social activist immortalized her as the conscience of the nation. However critics - deriding her as a gadfly and an unfit woman - cite many flaws in her leadership capacity. Roosevelt was never elected to office. She was reluctant to assume the responsibilities of being the FirstRead More Eleanor Roosevelt Essay4235 Words   |  17 PagesEleanor Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt’s work has made a significant impact on the interpersonal domain. Her work touched the lives of millions of Americans and influenced many aspects of American politics. She was a master of her domain, interacting with millions and breaking down many barriers. Her work can be considered creative because it was so unconventional. She took on roles that were considered untraditional for women, and with an innovative approach. I admire her work as aRead MoreEleanor Roosevelt2144 Words   |  9 PagesHernandez 1 Hernandez 1 On October 11, 1884, a remarkable individual whom would later be considered one of the world’s most influential women was born. Eleanor Roosevelt was born in New York to her parents Anna Hall Roosevelt and Elliot Roosevelt. With her blue eyes and light brown hair, she would warm the heart of every individual she came across. She grew to be five feet and eleven inches, which to this day makes her the tallest first lady. With regardsRead More eleanor roosevelt Essay576 Words   |  3 Pages Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt was born in New York City on October 11, 1884, daughter of lovely Anna Hall and Elliott Roosevelt, younger brother of Theodore. When her mother died in 1892, the children went to live with Grandmother Hall; her adored father died only two years later. Attending a distinguished school in England gave her, at 15, her first chance to develop self-confidence among other girls. Eleanor married her fifth cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Tthey became the parentsRead More Eleanor Roosevelt Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages Eleanor Roosevelt was a honest person who had responsibility and compassion towards her husband , family and her fellow man, whatever their social status. She used great citizenship and initiative actions in dealing with anyone who was fortunate enough to make her acquaintance. Eleanor Roosevelt is an outspoken advocate of social justice. 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It is even reported that â€Å"she called her ‘granny’†(Ward,1). Her mothe r died when she was 8 leaving her to be raised by her father. Elliot Roosevelt suffered from alcoholism and a narcotic addiction. He was often not allowed to see her due to this condition and was committed to an asylum in France in 1890( biography

Imperialism During The Late 1800s - 1658 Words

The effects of imperialism during the late 1800s had been either the means of ruins of a society or the very means of success for a country. Due to the advanced technology, countries manipulated their new found power to the greatest potential. If not all, many industrialized countries expanded their rule over to foreign lands. As imperialism occurs within a country, the natives have the option to follow the new rulers or get destroyed. With inferior technology only such choice will result for the weaker nations. As imperialism continues throughout the early 1900s, nothing is resolved. Imperialist powers continues to depleted the foreign lands of the raw materials and colonized people will continue to suffer. Only the strongest, the imperialist powers will rule the world. As nationalism grows, the citizens of the European nations show pride and love toward their country, along with this developed Social Darwinism, where the Europeans viewed themselves as more superior human beings, all this led to New Imperialism during the early 1900s. In addition, with the new advancement in technology the European decided to change the world for the better good. According to Document 1, colonies are a valuable source of money to the European nations for many reasons. Despite being a powerful nation, the lack of raw material was a problem, thus the colonies provided the materials. The raw materials weren’t the sole reason to colonize a weak nation, the nation was overpopulated, thusShow MoreRelatedSocial Consequences During The Industrial Revolution923 Words   |  4 Pages The Industrial Revolution was the transmission process of manufacturing, this took place in the 1700s and the 1800s. 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This need increased greatly during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century with the start of the industrial revolution. This Expansion was a big departure from earlier attempts to expand the boundaries of the U.S. The needed for Natural resources forced the U.S to look for places that could supply them with the natural resources they needed and markets where theyRead MoreEssay on Imperialism in Southeast Asia1003 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism in Southeast Asia A. In the late 1400s early 1500s, European traders explored the East Indies 1. In the seaports of these islands on the nearby mainland a) Portuguese Dutch merchants enjoyed a rich active trade until the early 1800s. B. In the 1800s and early 1900s, European imperialism made its way to Southeast Asia as it did to nearby India China 1. The area became an important source not only of spices but also of the worlds tea 2. Later valuableRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad968 Words   |  4 Pagestowards African Americans and their culture during this time period. European’s superior authority over African Americans is portrayed through the background of the text, use of the language and the opinion’s on vermilicitude. The novella focuses on the negative aspect of the European culture, not the African culture and therefore should be in taught in school. The text was published in the late nineteenth century, the brink of imperialism. The time period relays an educational aspectRead MoreImperialism And The United States Experience During World War I855 Words   |  4 PagesDuring World War One, the United States encountered many challenges, affecting America and Foreign Nations and their respective populations. Imperialism, economic expansion and industrialization impacted the United States’ experience during World War One. Americans were forced to recognize their strengths and weaknesses internally and externally. Imperialism is defined as a policy or practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world . Prior to UnitedRead MoreBritish Imperialism1137 Words   |  5 PagesAdam Dees Dr. Herman WOH1030 2 April 2015 Impact of British Imperialism In the late 1800’s, European nations only controlled about 10 percent of the continent of Africa, France to the north and Britain to the south (Edgar, 2008). As time goes by, other countries gain conquests, mostly in western areas of Africa. This essay will go over a few key points in history that led to the Age of Imperialism and the British colonization of Southern Africa. The essay will also identify key players inRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Up1045 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism Questions Describe US foreign policy up until 1890. What key events took place in US I in regards to expansion. Summarize them. In the 1800s, there were many disputes over land borders involving Canada, Britain, and Mexico. The Aroostook War was a border dispute between Canada and Maine that was settled by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty in 1842; both sides gained some concessions. There was a border dispute with Britain in the Oregon Territory. In 1846, America and Britain agreed on theRead MoreImperialism: the White Mans Burden890 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism: The White Mans Burden and the The Real White Mans Burden Well in order to show how imperialism was used in the nature of those two poems, I have to define it. Imperialism is the extension of sovereignty or control by one people or state over another. The objective is the exploitation of the controlled people or state. Imperialism has four major components: economic, military (strategic), political, and humanitarian. Imperialist powers are not bound to follow the laws, international

Killer Whale Free Essays

What is a killer whale? A killer whale is considered a whale to most people, but its is actually the largest of all dolphins and one of the most superior predators in the world (Killer Whale, National Geographic). The scientific name for a killer whale is Orcinus Orca. The killer whale falls into the kingdom Animalia, the phylum Chordata, the class Mammalia, and the order Cetacea (Killer Whales , NOAA). We will write a custom essay sample on Killer Whale or any similar topic only for you Order Now Killer whales or orcas are one of the most intelligent species world. Orca’s are widely distributed in all parts of the ocean even the tropics (Diagram A). The estimated population of a killer whale is fifty thousand to about one hundred thousand. (7 Things About Killer Whales, Take Part) . Killer whales are solid black and white, they also have a gray patch on their back called a â€Å"cape† or a â€Å"saddle† . The top(dorsal) side of the dolphin is black, including the pectoral flippers. The bottom (ventral) side is mostly white. The oval white spots behind the eyes are called â€Å"eyespots†. The size of a killer whale varies depending on the location of the dolphin. Adult killer whale females are smaller than adult males. A killer whale has a fusiform body shape. A fusiform body shape has less drag, which means that it is an efficient swimmer. The pectoral fin of a killer whale, which is very similar to a human hand (Diagram B), is used to steer and the flukes, or tails, are used to stop. The dorsal fin is used to help stabilize the whale when it swims at high speeds it is also encircled by veins to help manage the body temperature. The killer whale’s eyes are on both sides of the head, its about the same size of the eyes of the cow. The ears are a tiny opening just behind the eyes. Covered by a muscular flap is the blowhole, this is what the killer whale breathes through. (Physical Characteristics, Sea World). The killer whale has four senses taste, touch, hearing and eyesight. Killer whales do have taste buds, they prefer a specific food fishes. A killer whale has a very well developed sense of touch. Orcas have great vision both in and out of water. A marine mammals eyesight is grater than a land mammals. Often in the darker sides of the ocean their eyesight becomes weak and make its difficult to see their prey, in this case they use their sound receptors to navigate. Orcas have very well developed hearing. Recent studies have shown that orcas can hear up to 100kHz. The lower jaw of the killer whale also acts as a sound receptor (Diagram C). Killer whales do not have a sense of smell because the olfactory nerves and olfactory lobes of the brain aren’t present. Since they are air breathing mammals that spend most of their time underwater a sense of smell wouldn’t really come to use. (Senses, SeaWorld) Killer whales reproduce sexually. A female killer whale is sexually mature when it reaches fifteen to sixteen feet. Males are sexually mature when they reach eighteen to twenty feet. Baby killer whales are called calves. The gestation process for calves is seventeen months. Calves are born throughout the year but mostly during the summer time. Calves are born every five years. A calf weighs around three hundred to four hundred pounds and is approximately eight feet long. (Reproduction and Gestation, WhalesBC). Orcas are very conservative of their young. (Killer Whales, National Geographic). Killer whale are highly active predators. Orcas eat a wide variety of species, such as squids, sea mammals, and fish. These dolphins are one of the top predators in the ocean. Orcas eat a wide variety of fish, like fishes from the surface, such as salmon, to bottom dwelling species, such as halibut. Some orcas feed on marine mammals like walruses, baleen whale, sea lion, seals, and sometimes sea otters. Its common for killer whales to eat varieties of fish and squids , but very rarely they eat sea mammals. Adult Orcas eat about two to four percent of their body weight in food every day(Food Preferences and Resources, Sea World). That is approximately about one hundred fifty to three hundred pounds of food a day(Killer Whales, MarineBio. Net). Growing calves eat more they eat as much as ten percent of their body weight. Killer whale hunt in groups or â€Å"pods†. A pod is a bunch of individuals moving together as a group. A pod size is different in all areas of the globe. Male, female and calves are often grouped together in pods. Orcas often work together to surround a group of small prey before attacking. When hunting a bigger species such as a whale , the pod of dolphins would attack from several different angles all at once. Orcas are called killer whales because they tend to eat mostly whatever is in their ath. Orcas have very sharp, cone shaped teeth used to rip and tear prey. (Methods of Collecting Food, Sea World). Killer whales use echolocation sound wave to communicate. Echolocation is the location of objects by reflected sounds. This is used in dolphins and bats. This is what the killer whales rely on to hunt in the dark, communicate, and to navigate. Some sounds a killer whale make are jaw claps , echolo cation clicks, low-frequency pops, pulsed calls, and whistles . The orca makes this sound by moving the air between the nasal sacs in the blowhole area. Humans have a lot of impact on killer whales. Humans have always been interested in learning abut the killer whale, but not much research could be found on them. The first image of a killer whale was found on a cave drawing in Norway, its about 9000 years old. There are often false myths about killer whales, and many times this misinformation leads to harm for the whales. Killer whales have been often hunted for their meats, organs, and blubber. Before 1981, six thousand killer whales were taken by Japanese , Norwegian, and Soviet whalers. (Human Impact, Sea World). Killer whales have many adaptations like diving, respiration, thermoregulation, and sleep. Orcas are very fast swimmers in the water. They can swim up to twenty eight miles per hour. They usually swim eight miles per hour. Killer whales maneuver well in the ocean. When near the surface the killer whale stays under water for thirty seconds or less. Killer whales are also known for their diving tactics. They can dive one hundred meters in the ocean. Killer whales also use thermoregulation. Thermoregulation is also the process of regulating body temperature. Orcas are very warm blooded their body temperature is similar humans. The large size of a killer whale keeps the whale warm. Under the orcas skin is a very thick layer of blubber which helps protect the amount of heat loss. Killer whales have a high metabolism, which also creates a lot of body heat. The orcas circulatory system assist in keeping the body temperature in place. The arteries contain warm blood from the core of the body and the veins contain cool blood, heat is often transferred from the arteries to the eins (Diagram D shows how this happens). Killer whales have been observed to rest or â€Å"sleep† for short periods of time sometimes as long as eight hours during the night. Calves have been observed to rest for a lesser period of time. (Adaptations, Sea world) Since Killer whales have no predator they could live fifty to eighty years. The only predators killer whale’s have are human (Killer Whales, NOAA). There are many causes to the death of killer whales , one cause is disease. Ulcers, tumors, skin diseases , heart disease, and respiratory issues. Some killer whale have been diagnosed with Hodgkin’s disease, this is a cancer of lymph tissue found in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and other sites. Orcas sometimes suffer from several infections. Parasites are another issue causing harm to the killer whales health. Some parasite are flukes, roundworm, and tapeworms. (Longevity and causes of death, Sea world) The killer whale, or orca, is the fastest of the marine mammals; its powerful tail flukes help propel it through the water. It is also the largest of all dolphins. Orcas can get very big, it is possible for then to weigh up to six tons. Some orcas grow twenty three to thirty two feet long. They have approximately forty to fifty cone-shaped teeth, that are up to four inches long. Not much is told about their age but some resources show that some killer whales that live in the wild are about thirty to eighty years old. Killer whales have a widely spread population they are found in all parts of the oceans. Orcas have a counter shaded color pattern, they have a solid black top, and a solid white bottom with an oval shaped white spot which is called an â€Å"eyespot† . The dorsal fin for adult male are triangle shapes and can be up to six feet high. On the other hand a female dorsal fin is slightly curved, and that can grow up to three feet high. Orcas are considered to be one of the top predators in the ocean. Killer whales eat a variety of fish, seals, whales, sea lions, squid, and seabirds. Research shows that killer whales are capable of ripping seals of ice. Whales hunt in a group called â€Å"pods†. There are two types of pods residential and transient. Residential prefer to hunt fish and transient prefer to hunt marine mammals. Orcas use echolocation to find food, this technique is also used by bats. Orcas give birth every three to five years in the wild. Females carry their young for seventeen months. Baby orcas or calves are born up to eight feet long and can weight up to four hundred pounds. Orcas are highly protective of their young. These â€Å"pods† communicate with different noises. Killer whales are very intelligent. There has never been a document case on a killer whale attacking a human. (Twenty interesting facts about killer whales, Angela W. LaFon) How to cite Killer Whale, Papers

Views on how to re

There have been conflicting views on how to re-unite the nation and deal with freedmen after the American Civil War. Some scholars were of the opinion that the government should guarantee every state in the South, a republican form of governance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Views on how to re-unite the nation and deal with freedmen specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, according to Charles Summer, a radical republican, secession would result into destruction of statehood. On the other hand, Thaddeus Stevens and his followers had the view that secession could not result into re-uniting the nation but instead it could end up awarding undeserving status to certain states which had been newly created (Divine et al., 2011). President Lincoln who was the leader of moderate republicans started the reconstruction in 1864 with the aim of re-uniting and reconstructing the nation. The ten percent plan began its oper ations in some states but later faced opposition from the radicals. The republicans were for the view that in order to re-unite the nation, slave power and slavery had to be permanently destroyed. They further demanded that all kinds of confederate nationalism had to be censored. Moderates supported the view and concluded that the same could be easily accomplished if the Southern states ratified the 13th Amendment and repealed secession in addition to confederate armies surrendering to the authorities. All this aimed at abolishing slavery and uniting the nation. After the assassination of Lincoln, President Johnson used moderate actions to re-unite the nation. He preferred favoring approximately 170,000 black veterans to vote, which he granted (Divine et al., 2011). This was due to the fact that white southerners were ready to pledge future loyalty for the nation. Wade-Davis Bill of 1864 on the other hand required the rebels to take ironclad oath. They had to swear by the oath that they were never soldiers of the Confederacy. On the other hand, Lincoln did not put much consideration in the past but instead made the voters to swear their loyalty to the established union. Consequently, voting rights of the freedmen was one of the key elements. This is because, while the radicals wanted the voters to swear by the ironclad oath which prevented all freedmen men from voting, the moderates held the opinion that all freedmen should be allowed to vote without the ironclad oath as a condition. Another view was whether to give blacks the right to vote in uniting the nation. The Northern states denied the blacks the right to vote in the newly established union. The radicals on the other hand argued that ex-confederates cannot be trusted and therefore they should not be given the right to vote. According to Divine et al (2011), Johnson and Lincoln felt that it was better for the black freedmen especially those from the army to be granted unconditional right to vote in the union. Lincoln was further opposed to the idea of giving voting rights to only individuals who very intelligent and held high ranks during the war. According to Lincoln, this could not result into uniting the nation.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In summing up, it is imperative to reiterate that the Johnson’s government granted freedmen more rights than they had before. For instance, there was the formation of Freedman’s Bureau which protected the rights of blacks. Furthermore, his government abolished the Black Codes by enacting the Civil Rights Act of 1866. Indeed, these were some of the myriad ways on how the nation was re-united. Reference Divine, T.H.H et al. (2011), American past and present. Boston: Pearson Education. This essay on Views on how to re-unite the nation and deal with freedmen was written and submitted by user Heather Riddle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Deterrence and Integration The essays

Deterrence and Integration The essays Some theorists have generally viewed integration as a process leading to a condition called political community, in the international level, as primarily consensual, or based principally on the development of shared norms, values, interests, or goals. According to some theorists the world of the twentieth century was characterised by growing numbers of technical issues that could be resolved only by cooperative action across state boundaries. Such issues could best be addressed by highly trained specialists or technicians, rather than by politicians, because such pressing problems could be addressed outside the politicised context of ideology or nationalism. Also according to these theorists, it was essential to have a cooperation. This functional cooperation would come necessary international institutions, in the form of organisations and regimes, based on multilateralism in the terminology of many of Functionalist theorists. Later another group of theorists emerged, Neo-functionalist theorists. Their principal contribution lies in the explanation, modification, and testing of hypotheses about integration. The major emphasis is placed on the role of political parties and interest groups and the extend to which political elites in the units to be integrated support or oppose integration. Neo-functionalist theory, within its European Union context, attaches major importance to an integrative process leading ultimately to a federation or political union. Functionalist theory has been the object of several kinds of criticism and modifications: that it is difficult, if not impossible, to separate the economic and social tasks from the political that governments have shown themselves unwilling to hand over to international authority tasks that encroach on the political that certain economic and social tasks do not spill over into the political sector ...

How to Write a Short Story with 11 Easy Steps for Satisfying Stories

How to Write a Short Story with 11 Easy Steps for Satisfying Stories How to Write a Short Story with 11 Easy Steps for Satisfying Stories You probably don’t think short stories are very hard to write.In fact, you might be the type who assumes short stories are even easier because, wellthey’re short.But that’s just not the case and I’ll tell you why in just a minute.If you want to learn how to write a short story, youll have to go through these main steps:Know your characterOutline your short storyStart with something out of the ordinaryGet your draft done as soon as possibleEdit your short storyTitle your short storyGet feedback about itPractice oftenWrite a short story every dayDefine your core messageWrite a satisfying endingBut before we dive into these exact methods for how to write a short story, let’s talk about why any and all writers should learn how to craft solid, captivating short stories, even if your end writing goal is to write full-length novels or even nonfiction. Why All Writers Should Learn How to Write a Good Short StoryThere’s a lot more to writing short st ories than you may think. Just because they’re shorter in length doesn’t mean it takes any less skill to execute a good one.In fact, being able to tell a full story in such a short amount of time arguably takes more skill than writing a full-length novel or nonfiction book.That being said, why is it beneficial for all writers to learn how to write a short story?NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Fiction Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it here#1 You learn the skill of showingWhen you only have a few pages to hook readers, paint a clear picture of the character, and tell a story, you end up mastering the skill of showing instead of telling. The reason for this is because,in order to accomplish a successful and good short story, showing is a major part of that.It’s far too difficult to write a great short story without showing the details and using strong verbs to pain t a clear image of your character’s life.Those skills will transfer into anything you write, automatically making it that much better. #2 You’ll strengthen individual chaptersNo matter if you’re a fiction writer or if you prefer nonfiction, the idea here is the same.A chapter is basically a short story that’s a part of a bigger whole. The sameskills you apply to write a great short story will also help you write stronger chapters.Each part of your book should be polished, strong, and enticing for your readers. Using short story writing methods will help you achieve that within your chapters.Why is writing good chapters important if there’s a whole book available for someone to read?Because it hooks readers and keeps them turning that page.And when readers look back on an entire book filled with incredible chapters, the entire book as a whole will be seen as being that much better.Hello, 5-star reviews!#3 It makes the story sections of your nonfiction book more captivatingEvery nonfiction book has portions where stories must be told in order to get the point across.This is what allows pe ople to relate to you as an author, which pulls them in deeper and makes the core message of your book resonate with them more.But if those stories are weak, not well-written, and lackluster, it’s unlikely someone will enjoy them as much.It’s also likely that your message will get lost because the book doesnt carry the same impact.How long are short stories?Short stories should remain below 7,000 words in order to be considered a short story. They can be as short as only one sentence, as this is known as flash fiction.You already know that short stories areshorter than your average novel but do they have any other difference?Here’s a chart detailing the main differences in how many words are in short stories, novels, novellas, and nonfiction works.Type of WritingWord CountPages in a Typical BookExampleShort story100 - 15,0001 - 24 pages"The Gift of the Magi" by O. HenryNovella30,000 - 60,000100 - 200 pages"A Clockwork Orange" by Anthony BurgessNovel60,000 - 100, 000200 - 350 pages"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone": by JK RowlingEpic Novel120,00 - 220,000+400 - 750+ pages"Game of Thrones" by George R.R. MartinAs you can see, the main difference is length, but that’s not all. When you write a short story, you’re only writing a very impactful snippet of your character’s otherwise full life.You don’t have to unpack your entire character’s life story in a few hundred words in order to write a great short story.How to Write a Short StoryIf you’re ready to tackle this avenue of creative writing or you just want to learn how to write a short story to strengthen the overall quality of your book, here’s how you can do that.#1 FocusonCharacterDevelopmentIn order for a short story to be impactful, you have to know your character well. Having good character development is essential in short stories, since your characters often drive the story.You only have a certain amount of time to show your reade rs who that person is and you can’t do that if you don’t even know who they are.Think about it.If you write a short story about your best friend, whom you’ve known for many years, versus writing one about someone you just met yesterday, you’ll be able to craft a much stronger story about your best friend because you know them so well.The same goes for your fictional characters.You don’t have to spend a ton of time on your main character, but know their history, age, personality, family life, friend life, love life, and other details that shape the way someone sees the world.Heres a sample of what a character arc typically looks like in a full novel:Keep in mind that since your short story is, well, shorter than a novel, you may remove a few steps. Knowing the overall character journey, however, can be helpful for character development within short stories.#2 OutlineThankfully, the outlining process for a short story is much easier than a full nove l, but I do still advise creating one in order to have a cohesive flow throughout the story.This is definitely useful for those of you who prefer outlining versus just writing by the seat of your pants.Here’s what your outline should encompass for a short story:The point of view you’ll useHow you’ll start the storyHow you’ll get from the beginning to the main issueWhat happens at the â€Å"climax† (yes, even short stories have one!)Resolution of the main issueThe very endKeep in mind that your short story can end very abruptly or you can flesh it out until there’s a satisfying ending.This is really up to you as an author to decide.Yes, even short stories need outlinesif you want them to feel complete, that is.Click To Tweet#3 Start with something out of the ordinaryIn order to hook readers with a short story, you should start with something that’ll catch someone’s attention right off the bat.Take Hannah Lee Kidder’s exa mple from the video above. One of the short stories in heranthology, Little Birds, opens with a woman collecting roadkill.Odd? Yes. Attention grabbing? You bet!Because we’re automatically intrigued by the fact that people don’t normally go around collecting roadkill.Now, you don’t have to start your short story with something as strange as that but you do want to give your readers a sense of who your character is by depicting something different right away that also has to do with the core focus of your short story.Take this short story called The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry, for example. This author starts with a very low money amount and then hits you with the fact that its Christmas the very next day.This is out of the ordinary because many readers understand that having such little money (scraped up money, at that) right before Christmas isnt typical. Its odd and also hits their emotions right away.#4 Get the draft done ASAPDone is better than perfect. We ’ve all heard or read these words time and time again and that’s because they’re important; they’re true.This is especially the case when it comes to short stories. Once you have your outline and know how to start writing, drafting the short story in full comes next. Don’t worry about editing or polishing the story up in any way right now. After all, you can’t possibly make good edits until you know what the story looks like in full.That would be like matching your earrings to your pants without first having the full outfit put together. You don’t know if those earrings work well with it until you see what else youll be wearing.It’s the same for writing. Focus on getting your draft done so you can move on to the next step.#5 Edit your short storyEditing is where the real magic happens when it comes to writing. We all have this idea in our minds that we’ll get it perfect the first time and that’s just not how wri ting works.Most of the time, your first draft is just the bare bones of what’s to come but through line editing, developmental edits, and proofreading, it will transform into something better.Think of the actual writing as the wooden structure of a house and the editing as the drywall, paint, windows, light fixtures, doors, and anything else that’ll make the house complete.These are a few things to keep an eye out for when editing your short story:Point of view consistencyTense consistency Consistency with the setting of your storyWeak verbs (replace them with our list of strong verbs found right here!)Showing versus telling (readers need you to show more!)Stronger imagerySpelling/grammar/dialogue The editing process for short stories is pretty much the same for novels. The only difference is that short stories tend to focus more on imagery and exposition than they do full character and plot development.#6 Title it!This can be one of the most difficult things for any book, let alone a story that’s only a few hundred to a few thousand words.The good news? Short story titles are a little less important than titles for novels. They can also be very abstract.What you want to think of when titling your short story is this:What’s the overarching theme?What is something unique about the story?What sounds intriguing but not explanatory? What makes sense after reading the short story?These questions will help you develop a title that not only makes sense, but is also intriguing enough to pull readers in while staying true to what the story is about.#7 Get feedbackNo matter how experienced (or inexperienced) you are as a writer, you need feedback.In order to learn and improve and ensure your message is coming across as desired, you need someone else’s fresh eyes on it.Heres an example of what feedback might look like if youre using Google Docs to write your short story:We need this help because the simple fact is, we’re too cl ose to our writing.It’s impossible to read your story with a critical eye when you’re the one who came up with and wrote it in the first place.Allowing others to read your work and offer feedback is one of the best ways to improve and make sure your story is exactly how you want it. #8 Practice by writing short stories oftenThe number one best way to learn how to write good short stories is by writing them often.When youre writing regularly, your brain falls into the habit of being creative and thinking in terms of short stories.The more you do it, the easier it will get and the more youll improve. So focus on writing a certain number of short stories per week and stick to that even if they arent your favorite.#9 Write one short story every day for 30 daysThis is separate from writing short stories often. If you really want to kickstart your progress and get really good quickly, then create a challenge for yourself.Write one short story, whether its 500 or 1,000 wor ds, per day for an entire month. When youre done, youll have 30 full short stories to review, edit, and improve upon. Doing this not only builds a habit, but it also gives you a lot of experience quickly.After those 30 days, youll know more about how you like to write short stories, which mean more to you, and how to write them to be good.#10 Focus on a single message to shareShort stories are known for being impactful even though theyre not novel-length.And that means they have to have a core theme or message you want to get across. This can be anything from loving yourself to ignoring societal expectations.In order to do this, think about what you want people to walk away from your story feeling.What is the desired outcome?If you just want people to enjoy the story, thats great. However, what makes a story impactful and enjoyable is whatreaderstakeawayfromit.Brainstorm some themes that are important to you and work your short story around them. This will not only make you care ab out your story more (which means itll be written better), but itll also make ti more satisfying for readers.#11 Tie it up with a satisfying ending Nobody likes a story that ends on a major cliffhanger.Its okay for your short story to have an unresolved ending. In fact, thatll likely be the case simply because the story iswell, short.But you do want to tie your story up in a way that leaves the reader feeling satisfied even if they didnt get all the answers.Many times, this means circling back to an idea or element presented in the beginning.This structure often allows readers to feel as though theyve read a complete story versus just a snippet of a larger one.Short stories arguably need BETTER, more satisfying endings than full-length novelsClick To TweetShort Story IdeasNow that you know how to write a short story, its time to put these new skills to the test with some short story ideas guaranteed to produce something interesting and intriguing.Here are 20 short story ideas to tak e your writing to the next level:Your character opens the mailbox to find their biggest fear inside.After a devastating fall, your character is learning the hardships of healing after an accident.Your character accidentally insults their companys CEO right before a big promotion.Your characterlost a child years ago but lives as if it just happened the day before.Your characters village wise woman tells the story of how magic was lost due to abuse.Your character lives in a space pod traveling space, and theyre also claustrophobic.Ash floated from the mountaintop and awoke your character from their nights sleep.Your character hasnt eaten in days and stumbles uponreal berries, and so does a starving bear.When your characters heart is broken, they must find a way to heal it any way.Your character is an orphaned 7-year-old who hears voices.Your character just found out they have a rare diseasethat hasnt been detected anywhere in centuries.After a fight with their ex, your character dec ides to go on a trip to the neighboring town that hosts veryunusual tales.Your character accidentally runs into the wrong person on the streetand now they cant sleep at night.When your character moves schools, they didnt expect to find a secret lurking throughout the schoolthat all the teachers know about.Its your characters turn in their cultures ritual of fighting a lion barehanded. Theyve never been good in fights.After extreme weather conditions plague your characters town, they finally leave home to find everybody has gone missing.Your character is in the back of an ambulance, trying desperately to revive someone whos apparently deadso why are they still away and breathing?After a short stint at a hospital as a nurse, your character decides to take their skills to the mountains as a wilderness medical professional. They just didnt expect to find odd and interesting injuries among campers.An apple appears at your characters front door every morning and they cant figure out whos putting it there.When an avalanche quakes the mountains in your characters town, it unveils something thats been hidden formillenia.Tips for Writing with Short Story Ideas:Sometimes short story ideas are enough but if you want to utilize them effectively, keep these tips in mind:#1 Keep it simple and focus on a single portion of a characters life#2 Make sure the reader has a clear picture of your character right away#3 Focus on the theme and message youre trying to get across#4 Let the short story idea create a life of its own#5 Be unique and think of many possible endings to the story before outliningHowtoStartWritingYourShortStoriesNow you know how to write a short story! But how do you go from having all this knowledge in your brain to actually writing a short story worth reading?We’ve got those next steps for you.#1 Free TrainingLearning how to write a short story is only the first step toward becoming a published author and we have the rest of them for you.

British Electoral System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British Electoral System - Essay Example In this system ranks are provided by the voter to the candidates by marking 1, 2, 3 etc on the ballot paper against the name of the candidate. The candidates are ranked across different parties or within the same party by the voters. Certain quota of votes must be achieved by the candidate in order to win. This system is used â€Å"for local government elections in Northern Ireland and Scotland, European Parliament elections in Northern Ireland and the Northern Ireland Assembly† (Voting systems in the UK, 2008, p.2).Under this system the voters can cast their votes into two parts, firstly for constituency MP and second for party list. The lack of proportionality that arises from the FPTP is compensated by this system. â€Å"AMS is used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales and the London Assembly† (Voting systems in the UK, 2008, pp.2- 3).   Closed Party List SystemThis system is applicable to a multi member constituency. The electo rs vote for the party and as per the proportion won by the party, it gets seat in the constituency.† The Closed Party List system has been used for European Parliament elections in the UK since 1999 except in Northern Ireland where STV is used† (Voting systems in the UK, 2008, p.3).The Single- member plurality, which is followed by the British Electoral system was believed to facilitate â€Å"a two-party system of alternating single-party majority government†.... le transferable vote In this system ranks are provided by the voter to the candidates by marking 1, 2, 3 etc on the ballot paper against the name of the candidate. The candidates are ranked across different parties or within the same party by the voters. Certain quota of votes must be achieved by the candidate in order to win. This system is used â€Å"for local government elections in Northern Ireland and Scotland, European Parliament elections in Northern Ireland and the Northern Ireland Assembly† (Voting systems in the UK, 2008, p.2). Additional Member system Under this system the voters can cast their votes into two parts, firstly for constituency MP and second for party list. The lack of proportionality that arises from the FPTP is compensated by this system. â€Å"AMS is used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales and the London Assembly† (Voting systems in the UK, 2008, pp.2- 3). Closed Party List System This system is applicabl e to a multi member constituency. The electors vote for the party and as per the proportion won by the party, it gets seat in the constituency.† The Closed Party List system has been used for European Parliament elections in the UK since 1999 except in Northern Ireland where STV is used† (Voting systems in the UK, 2008, p.3). Effectiveness of the Electoral System The Single- member plurality, which is followed by the British Electoral system was believed to facilitate â€Å"a two-party system of alternating single-party majority government†. But in the 2010 UK election no party could secure an overall majority due to which formation of peacetime coalition government was done (Curtice, 2010, p. 623). This issue raised questions on the effectiveness of the system. To understand this merits and demerits of

How did the war on drugs affect the African American Community Term Paper

How did the war on drugs affect the African American Community - Term Paper Example Thesis statement: The war on drugs initiated by the US government affect the African American Community because it leads to further problems in the society. The war on drugs The war on drugs is initiated by the US government, aiming to conduct campaigns against production, supply and abuse of harmful drugs. Friman opines that â€Å"Among developed countries, the United States has adopted the strictest national control measures against illicit drugs and has played the most active role in international enforcement† (4). The war on drugs includes providing military support to reduce international level illegal drug trade. The National Prohibition Act of 1920, which prohibited the usage of alcohol, is to be considered as the initial step against the influence of harmful beverages. One can easily identify that this Act led to implementation of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 in USA. The establishment of Drug Enforcement Administration in the year 197 3 was another innovative step taken by the US government against drug abuse. In addition, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 paved the way for the the  National Narcotics Leadership Act of 1988, which created the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) under the US government. The ONDCP conducts a number of media campaigns among the youngsters to create awareness against drug abuse. In short, the war on drugs is a continuation of drug policy in the US. How did drugs affect the African American Community? Almost all the racial groups in the US face the problem of drug addiction and related issues. Comparing to other racial groups, the African American Communities face more problem from drugs.... The history of the African American Communities and their growth and development from slavery to freedom, gaining political, social and economic progress did not help much to fight against drugs. Besides, an individual’s gender, age and economic status are considerable factors which lead to drug addiction. From a different angle of view, the socioeconomic status is to be considered as a vital factor which leads an individual towards drug addiction. When this idea is superimposed into the context of drug addiction among the African American Communities, one can easily identify that poverty originating from socioeconomic disparity is the most important factor which leads to drug addiction. The war on drugs resulted in rapid increase of prison population because the law enforcement department became more active and vigilant. Within this context, more African Americans were imprisoned and it resulted in further problems. For instance, the law enforcement agencies targeted the low income communities (say, the African American Communities) in the lower strata of the society. Roberts opines that â€Å" Though whites, given their numerical superiority in the population, make up the majority of drug users, African Americans have been the chief targets by police† (30). The initiative undertaken by the US government reduced the negative influence of harmful drugs among the people but it affected the African American Communities. The grass root level cause of drug abuse or addiction among the African Americans is interconnected with their socio-economic status in the society. For instance, some of the African Americans consider drug abuse as an easy way to escape from the economic problems

Fungal Collection, Culturing and Identification

Fungal Collection, Culturing and Identification Abstract Fungi are Eukaryotic cells that are able to synthesize enzymes when required to break down complex mono and polysaccharides when in contact with it. There is much to understand with this fascinating Kingdom that the Fungi belong to as Biotechnology within these organisms may play a fundamental role within Industrial waste. There is much to study and learn from these organisms and possible outcomes of collecting, culturing and Identifying these complexed organisms as they may possibly resolve and revolutionize the waste industry to prevent damage and ecologically reverse damage to the planet. Chapter 1:  Introduction Overview 1. Fungi Are a large group of eukaryotic organisms that are classified as having its own recognized kingdom. This kingdom has an enormous variety that includes unicellular microorganism and multicellular organisms that are separate from the other kingdoms of life. It is Estimated anywhere between 1.5 to 5 million species exist. These unique organisms contain properties that produce fungal compounds that provides many possible applications within industry. General characteristics of fungi include but not limited to: Cell wall consists of Chitin. Fungi are heterotrophs meaning they are not able to produce their own food, but obtain Its nutrients by the absorption of its surroundings by the secretion of digestive enzymes. In an ecological system, fungi are described as decomposer organisms. It is now known that the DNA of fungi are more related to animals than plants. These organisms are abundant worldwide, A majority of fungi are not clearly visible due to their small size, structure, and perplexed biological processes in soil or on dead matter. 2. Classification / Taxonomy Taxonomy is a scientific method to group biological organisms on the grounds of characteristics and naming the organisms into groups or categories. Formally only 5% of Kingdom Fungi has been formally classified, methods of arrangement have been based on biological taxonomy based upon different characteristics such as type of hypha, spore, and reproduction process. This provides a template of key features to identify and class organisms in the form of a list. All concepts are man-made and to a certain degree are arbitrary. 3. Morphology General: Fungi displays itself in a wide variety of size and shape, from unicellular, microscopic organisms to more advanced multicellular forms that are able to be seen with the naked eye. Fungi cell size ranges from 1 to 30. Fungi that are microscopic are classified as molds, yeasts or both. Molds: Are larger multicellular organisms that contains a network of branching filaments. This is called hyphae. The two known types of hyphae are vegetative and reproductive hyphae. The reproductive hyphae contain spores (fungal spores are different from bacterial spores as bacterial spores are for the fundamental purpose of survival in harsh conditions as opposed to reproductive purposes for fungi). The spores produced from fungi are used for the role of classification and identification of fungi. The hyphae are described to contain a tube-like appearance, the hyphae and other structures combine to form an elaborate network called a mycelium. Yeasts: These single-celled organisms are large (5 to 8) that rarely form filaments. Most yeasts undergo an asexual process referred to as budding. Colonies of yeast are usually described as having a surface considered to be smooth similar to many bacteria. 4. Physiology Is the scientific observation of living systems in organisms, focusing on nutrition, reproduction, and growth. Nutrition for most fungi contain enzymes that are complex with other chemical substances that diffuse from the fungi to break down complex substances that are available, e.g. wood, vegetation, bread etc. into simpler substances that is digested by fungi. The products of digestion are formed outside of the organism and the fungus absorbs the end products. Reproduction for fungi is unique as organisms can reproduce sexually or asexually, or both depending upon various factors e.g. the species, the environmental factors etc. Sexual reproduction undergoes when two spores are compatible to reproduce with one another. Growth for fungi are similar as to the growth of bacteria, favourable conditions involve warmth and moisture. As the temperature lowers, fungal activity also lowers. However, spores are very resistant to cold temperatures for long periods of time. At high temperatures, fungi are easily killed. Figure 1: Typical mycelium structure of a fungus Figure 2: Morphology and General Properties of Fungi. Figure 2 describes the morphology of an individual colony of fungi growing in a Petri dish. Figure 2 can be used to establish and identify organisms in the fungi Kingdom.Each type of fungus will produce different colonies. Specific terminology is established to describe the different types of common colony forming organisms. Size The size of a colony is measured by the diameter. Form This establishes the basic shape of the colony in question e.g. if its circular, filamentous, etc. Elevation This establishes how to describe a colony from observing the colony at an angle. Surface This establishes how to describe the appearance of the colony whether if it is rough, wrinkled, smooth, etc. Opacity- This describes how translucent the colony in question is e.g. transparent (clear), opaque etc. Colour Also referred to as pigmentation of the colony of whether if the colony has a distinguishable colour associated with the organism. Identifying similarities between different fungal organisms allowing the organisms to be catalogued in a unique way for different Phyla to be established and recognizing different organisms to be closely related to one another depicted in figure 3 creating a cluster of analysis. Figure 3 is a cluster analysis. In Figure 3. The 26 sites cluster into four major groups from A to D. These sites have been clustered based on similarities of the fungal community that the organisms belong to. 4. Species To Examine a group of fungi that would have similar traits. The filamentous fungi contain cells that grow as tubular, elongated, and thread-like structures. These structures are called hyphae, which may contain multiple nuclei and extend by growing at their tips. Each tip contains a set of aggregated vesicles cellular structures consisting of proteins, lipids, and other organic molecules associated with fungi chemical compound production. Penicillium is a genus of ascomycetous fungi. This genus is of major importance in the food and drug industry. Some members of this genus produce the antibiotic penicillin, a molecule that is used to kill or inhibit the growth of certain kinds of bacteria inside the body. Other species are used in cheese making. The characteristics to expect typically consists of a highly-branched network of multinucleate, septate, usually colourless hyphae. The mycelia contain many-branched conidiophores, the conidiospores are the main route of dispersal of the fungi, and often are green in colour. Aspergillus Is a genus a genus that is recognized as a mould species found in various climates worldwide. This genus is known as a group of conidial fungi, which in turn cause this group to be in an asexual state. Members of the genus possess the ability to grow where a high osmotic concentration (high sugar, salt, etc. exists. The species are highly aerobic and are widely found where oxygen-rich environments on the surface of substrates. Commonly grown on carbon-rich substrates like monosaccharides (e.g. glucose) and polysaccharides (e.g. amylose). Starchy foods are generally contaminated by this genus. Talaromyces Is a genus of fungi, described as species in the genus form soft, cottony fruit bodies with cell walls with an intricate network of hyphae. The fruit bodies are often described with yellowish characteristics or are surrounded by yellowish granules. Rhizomucor Is a genus of fungi that are described to be thermophilic, with a minimum growth temperature of 20 ° C with a maximum growth temperature of 60 ° C. Trichoderma Is a genus of fungi that is present in all soils, they are most prevalent culturable fungi as they are fast growing at 25 30 ° C, colonies are transparent at first on media such as cornmeal dextrose agar (CMD) or white on richer media such as potato dextrose agar (PDA). Conidia typically form within a week in shades of green or yellow pigment. A yellow pigment maybe secreted into the agar, especially on PDA. Industrial applications involve enzyme production for cellulose, xylanase and chitinase. Fusarium Is a genus of filamentous fungi. Its industrial application is used in human consumption. This genus is produced and marketed under the name Quorn. 5. Culturing Organisms of interest will be cultured in the lab and Identified accordingly on the characteristics they exhibit by Classical Methods that rely on direct observation of fungi, including microscopy as well as direct sampling of fungal fruiting bodies, incubation of substrata in most chambers, culturing of endophytes and particle plating. 6. Laboratory Methods Are used to collect, culture, and identify organisms in the lab with the following processes of Aseptic Technique, Microscopy, and biochemical analysis. 7. Aseptic Technique Is a critical method to successfully observe fungal growth and distinct characteristics with the prevention of microbial contamination. This technique is carried out in a variety of ways. The use of a Bunsen burner when dealing with petri dishes to keep the laboratory environment as clean as possible and to prevent possible contamination, as well as sterilising inoculation loops when inoculating fungal organisms. A disinfectant such as Distil is utilized to ensure that the work surfaces and equipment are free from possible contamination. It is also encouraged to flame any containers where appropriate before and after use. This is to prevent any unwanted organisms being introduced in the lab when observing the interested fungal organisms with the interest to preserve fungal purity. 8. Microscopy Classical Methods of identification of fungal organisms are examined under a microscope to identify specific characteristics within fungi. Specific families of fungi are able to by morphologically identified by colourless hyphae that would be presented on organisms. Others are able to be characterized by dark colonies and pigmented fungal elements seen on microscopic examination of fungal material that was prepared by biopsy. Fungi that has the ablity to infect hair and nails; often displays fluffy or fine texture and are pale coloured with distinct hyphae. Biochemical Tests Are laboratory methods to Identify fungal organisms. These include carbohydrate fermentation, this tests whether a certain yeast ferments different carbohydrates. Carbohydate assimilation studies: this tests whether a yeast can aerobically utize various carbon and nitrogen compounds with oxygen. API 20C system involves freeze-dried sugars are placed into wells on a plstic strip, yeast medium is pipetted into wells, incubated and turbidity determines growth. Uni-yeast tek system Identifies yeasts based on their ablity to ferment certain sugars. Media Selecting the correct media for optimal fungal growth in the lab is essential. Sabourauds Dextrose agar (SDA) is sufficient for culturing fungi as its rich in nutrients to support fungal growth and is a preferred medium. Enzymes Enzymes play a fundamental role in fungal extracellular activity. Enzymes are synthesized inside the cell and are secreted outside the cell. The main function of these enzymes involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules into smaller units to be digested by the cell for growth and assimilation. Organic matter such as cellulose are degraded into simple sugars that enzyme-producing organisms use as a source of carbon, energy, and nutrition. Enzymes are categorized in the following: hydrolases, lyases, oxidoreductases and transferases. These enzymes breakdown complexed compounds in specific ways for the cell to take up nutrients. Fungi are widely diverse giving this kingdom the Application in Industry Microorganisms produce enzymes, with current understandings of cell knowledge and recombinant protein, it is possible to modify the cell to produce enzymes with more efficient proderties e.g. better yield and purity. For saccharification of plant polysaccharides and biofuel production, fungi are valuable sources for enzyme production. Enzymatic degradation of wastes. Waste material is a fundamental factor in Industry. A majority of pharmaceutical, industrial, agricultural and forestation waste costs more to dispose of properly than sometimes the production. This results in several problems leading to environmental, health and safety issues that prevent sustainable development that could be dealt with in alternative ways for the aim to reduce waste. Current technology is investigating if Enzymes are able to play a fundamental role in waste degradation to prevent, reduce, reuse, and recycle pharmaceutical waste that would be considered costly to properly dispose of. Fungi is recognized to be a complexed eukaryotic cell that may hold the answers industry is looking for to improve these matters. References: Bright Hub Education. (2017). Animal, Plant, and Fungi Phylogeny: A Surprising Relationship in Eukaryota Phylogeny. [online] Available at: http://www.brighthubeducation.com/science-homework-help/8061-relationship-between-animal-plant-and-fungi-phylogeny/ [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017]. Arnold, P. (2017). Facts about Fungi and Types of Fungus. [online] Bright Hub. Available at: http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/59758.aspx [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017]. Bright Hub Education. (2017). Definition of Fungus, Based on Fungi Phylogeny. [online] Available at: http://www.brighthubeducation.com/science-homework-help/9115-defining-fungi-with-phylogeny/ [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Microbiology, (2016). Morphology and general and general properties of fungi. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/amjadkhanafridi4all/morphology-and-general-and-general-properties-of-fungi [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. keote, g. (2017). MORPHOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/21450341/MORPHOLOGY_AND_CLASSIFICATION_OF_BACTERIA [Accessed 6 Jan. 2017]. Novozymes.com. (2017). Selecting enzymes. [online] Available at: http://www.novozymes.com/en/about-us/our-business/what-are-enzymes/finding-and-producing-enzymes [Accessed 6 Jan. 2017]. Amfep.org. (2017). How Enzymes are made? | Amfep Association of Manufacturers and Formulators of Enzyme Products. [online] Available at: http://www.amfep.org/content/how-enzymes-are-made [Accessed 6 Jan. 2017]. Znameroski, E., Coradetti, S., Roche, C., Tsai, J., Iavarone, A., Cate, J. and Glass, N. (2012). Induction of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes in Neurospora crassa by cellodextrins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(16), pp.6012-6017. Sciencedirect.com. (2017). The role of carbon starvation in the induction of enzymes that degrade plant-derived carbohydrates in Aspergillus niger . [online] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087184514000607 [Accessed 9 Jan. 2017]. Jun, H., Kieselbach, T. and Jà ¶nsson, L. (2011). Enzyme production by filamentous fungi: analysis of the secretome of Trichoderma reesei grown on unconventional carbon source. Microbial Cell Factories, 10(1), p.68. Jun, H., Kieselbach, T. and Jà ¶nsson, L. (2011). Enzyme production by filamentous fungi: analysis of the secretome of Trichoderma reesei grown on unconventional carbon source. Microbial Cell Factories, 10(1), p.68. Taherzadeh, M. and Karimi, K. (2008). Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Wastes to Improve Ethanol and Biogas Production: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 9(9), pp.1621-1651. El-Shishtawy, R., Mohamed, S., Asiri, A., Gomaa, A., Ibrahim, I. and Al-Talhi, H. (2015). Saccharification and hydrolytic enzyme production of alkali pre-treated wheat bran by Trichoderma virens under solid state fermentation. BMC Biotechnology, 15(1). Canilha, L., Chandel, A., Suzane dos Santos Milessi, T., Antunes, F., Luiz da Costa Freitas, W., das Graà §as Almeida Felipe, M. and da Silva, S. (2012). Bioconversion of Sugarcane Biomass into Ethanol: An Overview about Composition, Pretreatment Methods, Detoxification of Hydrolysates, Enzymatic Saccharification, and Ethanol Fermentation. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2012, pp.1-15. Østergaard, L. and Olsen, H. (2010). Industrial Applications of Fungal Enzymes. Industrial Applications, pp.269-290. Kuhad, R., Gupta, R. and Singh, A. (2011). Microbial Cellulases and Their Industrial Applications. Enzyme Research, 2011, pp.1-10. Cell.com. (2017). [online] Available at: http://www.cell.com/trends/biochemical-sciences/fulltext/S0968-0004(16)30024-X [Accessed 15 Jan. 2017]. Webster, J. and Weber R.W.S. (2007) Introduction to Fungi, 3rd edn., Published in the United States of America : Cambridge University Press, New York. Schmit, J,P. and Lodge, D,J. (2004) Classical Methods and Modern Analysis for Studying Fungal Diversity, The Forest Products Laboratory: The University of Wisconsin. Crous, P.W., (2005) Fungal Taxonomy, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures. Hibbett, D.S., Binder, M., Bischoff, J.F., Blackwell, M., Cannon., P.F., et al (2007) A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi, Online: Elsevier Ltd. Wickerham L.J., (1950) Taxonomy of Yeasts, Northern Regional Research Laboratory: Agricultural Research Administration. Moore R.T., (1980) Taxonomic Proposals for the classification of marine yeasts and other yeast-like fungi including the smuts, Botanica Marina: Botanica Marina. Perez J., Munoz-Dorado J., Rubia, T.D.L., Martinez, J. (2002) Biodegradation and biological treatments of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin: an overview, Online: Springer-Verlag and Sem 2002. Acharya, T. (2014). Common Fungal Culture Media and their uses microbeonline. [online] microbeonline. Available at: http://microbeonline.com/common-fungal-culture-media-uses/ [Accessed 16 Jan. 2017].      

People often complain about life in the U.S. Essay

People complain when most of their needs are not met. The irony of it lies when complaints are just piled up without any further insights on how to solve such problems. In the long run, complaints become a part of the lifestyle of people who are good at pointing at the loopholes most especially of the government, and of the leaders. As there would always be a reason for every action that is done, and for every result that is produced, man is also by nature never contented. Furthermore, the will to seek for the ‘best’ is always an intention to make life worth living. Power, fame, and money tops the priority of why people choose the option of fulfilling their daily agenda from dusk ‘til dawn. Although, with the exception of the few who does their work for the common people’s welfare and interest. It may also be considered a selfish ambition to seek good only for one’s self advantage and leave or ignore others behind while they struggle for the well being of everyone. From birth, the very basics of life are taught –following instructions, and that it is in the individual’s prerogative to obey, and afterwards reap the consequences of such actions. On the other hand, citizens do have their obligations and responsibilities. From simple instructions of following the rules and regulations or by becoming a â€Å"law abiding citizen† then, at least one is a big step ahead of fulfilling his obligations and responsibilities. Other concerns such as the payment of taxes for which some would dare not to are obligations that are intentionally forgotten. These are just simple, and few to mention that when taken for granted are enough reasons for making a citizen’s life fluctuate. Self-examination is important and should be carried before bursting in dismay the various injustices committed by the government and by the leaders or officials. For whatever reasons people complain about life in the U. S. is according to their own generalization and judgement on whatever situation or experiences they are basing it. On the other hand, a patriot will readily and passionately criticize his government when it is evil, corrupt, and infamous; and that refusing to do so is considered treason. It is the duty of every citizen to criticize, censure and scourge the political fiends that pretend to serve the public when those villainous brutes serve only tyranny, greed, hatred, and prejudice. In addition, complaints may have been germinated and nurtured from the compost heap of tyranny, imperialism, and international widespread liberal acts of butchery, despotism, and horror. The exposure of such a regime and its operations has become a primary duty of citizens who still believe in the Rule of Law and in the freedoms, which a country is supposed to represent. On the other hand, as a citizen who loves his country, his nation or his homeland, such complaints should be put aside and instead â€Å"take part† in the reforms that are taking place and â€Å"be a part† of whatever changes that will occur. For what would one gain complaining against the government – it only leads to further chaos and destruction that would later affect the stability of a country. Instead, an action of commitment is necessary for a change. Citizens cannot be required to take part in the political process, and they are free to express their dissatisfaction by not participating. However, without the lifeblood of citizens’ action, there can be no hope of making life much better. Teamwork is at its best when everyone participates in the fulfillment of such goals and objectives. For this reason, citizens play a very major role in the development of a country or a nation. Their â€Å"actions† speak â€Å"louder† when joined in one voice for the rehabilitation and development of their country. Most often, people are only joined on an aftermath, citing the 9/11 as an example. World leaders were heard on radio and seen on television joining against terrorism as worldwide threat to political-economic progress of every state or nation. Citizens therefore, should not take their responsibilities only as an option but as a mandate for which they should put into action and make commitments. US enjoy a government whereby the supreme power lies in the body of citizens who are entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them. In which case, election of public officials is the most visible and common form of participation for which people could exercise their genuinity as citizens. However, there are problems faced by the electorate before and during election that would stop or make them have a second thought in casting their votes. Thus, the agenda of â€Å"making life better† by taking part in the election is at stake. Needless to say, as a citizen who loves his country, taking part on a crucial endeavor is worth an honor for standing on such beliefs and life principles – taking part for the better. In other areas, opportunities in which to participate to be able to have a part in the development and rehabilitation of a country and make it a better place to live is to take advantage of joining a host of private organizations, associations, and volunteer groups. For which many of these are concerned with issues of public policy and pay close attention to public opinion, making every effort to widen their base of support as they seek simultaneously to educate the public and influence government policies. The right of individuals to associate freely and to organize themselves into different sorts of nongovernmental groups is fundamental in shaping a better society, a better environment. When people of common interest band together, their voices can be heard and their chances of influencing the political debate increases. As there are no perfect leaders and perfect government that provides and meets the demands and expectations of its citizens, there are the advantages of opportunities vested upon the people to exercise their civil rights whenever it is necessary and while maintaining public order and countering attempts that ignites violence. Every circumstance that an individual faces everyday is a part of the spices of life that one should face courageously. That with his body, mind, and his character, should consider it as strengths for further growth and development. To make life better entails a long practice of patience and humility from which one could invest and influence others to follow. History records of people who have done it, and were able to successfully pursue their agendas after a long historic battle. Furthermore, citizens have the option of either to criticize and act, or to criticize and watch how complaints get piled and returns like a boomerang that backfires. It takes time, effort and most often investing money to make a goal successful. However in the long run, it pays an action for a legacy worthy for future generations. As the world advances, and so do the expectations of every individual, of every citizen. In addition, as government leaders occupy government offices from time to time, new agenda are always sought. Accordingly, to the best interest of the people! Whosoever leads, citizens’ action makes a difference when joined with a common goal – to make life better. REFERENCES: Felkins, Leon. â€Å"How to Avoid Wasting Your Vote†. The Election. 26 May 1996. 19 http://www. spectacle. org/1096/felkins. html Kettenhofen, Colleen. â€Å"Difficult People: Dealing with Difficult People 101†. Beyond Better Communications. 19 March 2007 http://www. livingbeyondbetter. com/difficult101. html â€Å"Politics, Economicsc, and Pluralism†. USINFO. STATE. GOV. 19 March 2007 http://usinfo. state. gov/products/pubs/whatsdem/whatdm8. htm